The coming era of 3DP will lead to a fundamental and revolutionary change in the global fashion supply chain. The new paradigm will inevitably lead to the ultimate adoption of DDM that is stimulated through new design thinking, efficient 3D CAD processes, adequate 3DP capability, available open source, and flexible and dynamic 3DP support services. In order to adapt and transition in a timely and effective manner, it is urgent for the fashion industry to seek a novel strategy and the relevant initiatives to support training and education for manufacturers, retailers, entrepreneurs, designers, and consumers. The challenges for the core areas of the proposed conceptual model [(1) design and product development, (2) sourcing and manufacturing, (3) retail, distribution and consumer] will need to be closely evaluated with the opportunity in leveraging sustainability optimization.
Although the proposed conceptual model focuses on the core areas of the industry in terms of its impact and direct or indirect challenges in shifting to DDM through 3DP, limitations still exist in the dimensions covered. This study has yet to evaluate all the disadvantages of 3DP in relation to future technology adoptions, such as product post-processing efficiency in relation to quality control. It also needs to further address the challenges in the localized or distributed manufacturing concept, including involvement from alternative industries, changes expected in legal responsibilities for all stakeholders, the influence of intellectual property protection in various new business structures when using open sources, and an effective approach in human resource management. For the future, the fashion industry also needs to examine alternative DDM technologies and relevant opportunities, such as automated artificial intelligence or robot applications.
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