From what I understand I got how to calculate the average night-speed ratio for a collared elephant utilizing 13 adjacent ground units, each having different ownership and management status, and linking ratios. However, male and female elephants move more at night than in the daytime where and when the level of poaching is high. The relationship between hunting rates and night speed ratio is stronger for women than for men. We conclude that the variation in the elephant's night speed ratio can be used as an effective indicator to change the hunting rate in the near future in real-time. We recommend adopting it as a free anti-poaching tool, where GPS tracking data is readily available, as it will increase geographic coverage to monitor hunting rates. Significant changes in elephant movement behavior in response to hunting also have potential implications for their feeding, reproduction and survival strategies, all of which are not yet fully understood.
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